Similarly a ph of 11 is ten times more basic than a ph of 10. The ph scale introductory chemistry 1st canadian edition. The ph scale goes from 014 and is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is. A ph indicator is a weak acid that exist as natural dyes which indicate the. Cut and stick ph scale worksheet for students in key stage 3. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 2 lecture topics. The kit gives the soil ph on the water scale see later and should be used only as a guide to soil ph. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. Because it is the measure of activities of hydrogen ions, the initials ph stand for potential of hydrogen acids have ph values under 7 and alkalis have ph values over 7. Notes on acid base chemistry pdf 28p this note contains the following subtopics of acidbase chemistry, bronstedlowry and lewis acidsbases acid dissociation constants, pka, the relative strength of acids and bases, equilibrium in acidbase reactions and molecular structure and acidity. The ph scale ranges from 0 to 14, and the numbers represent the concentration of hydrogen ions1 in the substance. Check our section of free ebooks and guides on acid base chemistry now. A combination of indicators is used to make a universal indicator.
It has been common to assume that the p represented a word such as power, but in 2000, it was asserted that the p. The ph scale can be represented horizontally or vertically. In chemistry, ph is a measure of the cidity or basicity or alkalinity a solution. You will be using ph paper which has a liquid indicator dried on paper. Other indicators will change color at different phs. The range of the ph scale is from 0 to 14 from very acidic to very basic. A brief overview of ph definition, principles, and methods of measurement as well as of some applications in environmental, biological, and food chemistry are presented. Dr mike lyons school of chemistry trinity college dublin.
In this lesson, students will watch a video and answer questions about acids and bases. Introduction to acidbase chemistry a chem1 reference text stephen k. Reference buffer solutions for ph measurements in 50%. This is represented be a change or difference in colour observed when an acid or alkali is added to an ph indicator. The ph scale introduction to oxidationreduction reactions quiz. This chemistry manual includes a series of experiments that involve measurement. Likewise, a ph of 3 is one hundred times more acidic than a ph of 5. Aldon corporation was founded in 1964, and is headquartered in avon, ny. Water can be acidic, alkaline or neutral, this is called ph.
Most of these experiments will let learners deal with many different types of quantities such as temperature, ph, absorbance, weight or mass, volume and moles. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. It has an example of a substance that has the ph indicated. Students colour in the scale to match the colours of universal indicator paper, then cut out the labels adding them to your scale in the correct place. Cover the book with protective material, such as plastic, old newspapers or magazines. A ph scale is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration which spans from 0 to 14 with the middle point ph 7 being neutral neither acidic or basic. Any solution with a ph less than 7 is by definitionacidic. They will learn about characteristics of acids and bases, the ph scale, and the role of acids in biochemistry.
They have there own unique traits, acids taste sour, turn litmus red while bases taste bitter and turn litmus blue. Chemical reactions chemical reactions introduction in this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. Illustration of the ph scale universal indicator ph color chart diagram acidic alkaline values common substances vector illustration flat icon design colorful vector art. For example, a ph of 3 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 4. Universal indicator, blue litmus paper and red litmus paper. Journal of solution chemistry 2007, 36 8, 10371046. This is the 3rd lesson in the series, acids and bases.
Chemistry 11th project on ph scale free download as powerpoint presentation. The ph scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. Results for freediffusion liquid junctions formed in a capillary tube with cylindrical symmetry at 25 c are shown in fig. Calculating ph and poh worksheet everett community college. Acids and bases are two groups of chemical compounds that generally have opposite characteristics. The electron arrangement for the element boron can be written 2, 3. The ph scale is described, and students learn to make calculations involving ph, the concentration of hydrogen ions, and the concentration of hydroxide ions for a given solution. Take good care of this textbook this textbook is the property of your school. The element calcium can be represented as 20 40cl i. The ph scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Pdf definition of ph scales, standard reference values.
Neutralisation formation of a salt from an acid and a base. The abbreviation ph stands for potential of hydrogen ion. The ph scale is the worldwide standard for measuring acidity, or equivalently, alkalinity also called basicity. This lesson explains the ph scale and demonstrates how to use the ph scale and universal indicator to analyse samples. These key math skills and core chemistry skills from previous chapters are listed here for. Limitations of the ph scale usefulness confined to dilute aqueous solutions. Understanding soil ph department of primary industries. Color table with atomic numbers, element symbols, element names, atomic weights, periods, and groups. This resource is designed to provide strategies for dealing with. Use this chemistry resource as a class handout or as a transparency to enhance your lessons and increase student learning. Calculate the ph of an acidic solution prepared by adding enough water to 5 grams of hydrochloric acid to make a solution that has a volume of 1 liter. Free acid base chemistry books download ebooks online. Onehundred years of ph journal of chemical education. Innovating science acids, bases, and the ph scale kit.
The idea of expressing the hydrogenion concentration on a log arithmetic scale was presented by s. Each whole ph value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. Its the scale used to rank how strong an acid or alkali a solution is. As stated above, ph is the single most important factor in determining chlorine disinfection. In this skill builder, students will complete practice problems calculating the ph of a strong acid or base solution. The symbol that he used was the letter p and a smaller h appearing almost as a subscript.
Chemistry is a conceptual subject and, in order to explain many of these concepts, teachers use models to describe and explain the microscopic world and relate it to the macroscopic properties of matter. Notes on acid base chemistry pdf 28p download book. What is a ph scale, what does the ph scale measure edu. Soil ph in the field can be measured using a simple test kit based on a colourcard method available from agricultural supply stores called the raupach soil ph kit. Analysis in a laboratory provides the most accurate measurement of soil ph. Neutralization of effluent in steel, pulp and paper, chemical, and pharmaceutical. Innovating science products, manufactured by aldon corporation, include educational kits for the chemistry, life science, green chemistry, advanced placement chemistry, and forensic fields. The colours associated with each number correspond to the colour that universal indicator turns in. The ph scale universal indicator ph color chart diagram. An indicator is a chemical that changes color in the presence of an acid or base. A ph less than 7 is acidic and greater than 7 is basic. To know the ph of a substance, you need an indicator. Write the electron arrangement for the element calcium.
Color printable periodic table pretty much everything you need that can fit on a page and still be readable. Figure \\pageindex1\ depicts the ph scale with common solutions and where they are on the scale. Lower simon fraser university contents 1 acids 2 1. No specific safety precautions need to be observed for this activity. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 1 acidbase reactions the ph concept. General chemistry relationships in water treatment. By the end of this lesson, students should be able to.
The ph scale is logarithmic, meaning that an increase or decrease of an integer value changes the concentration by a tenfold. Measuring ph universal indicator paper universal indicator solution ph meter 10. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. The ph scale will be logarithmic and because of this, each whole ph worth below 7 is 10 times more acidic compared to the next higher value.
Acids, alkalis, and the ph scale compound interest. If base is slowly added, the litmus will turn blue when the acid has been neutralized, at about 67 on the ph scale. Converting equations will strengthen students knowledge and understanding of key concepts in chemistry. Chemistry 11th project on ph scale acid buffer solution. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. The ph scale measures exactly how basic or acidic a substance is. For example, a ph of 4 is ten times more acidic than a ph of 5 and a hundred times 10 x 10 more acidic than a.
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